Come and find out more about Conservation-Litigation.org and our work at our interactive iPoster at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Abu Dhabi from 9-15 October 2025.

Conservation-Litigation.org is proud to be supporting the Indonesian Center for Environmental Law in their new project funded by the UK Government through the Illegal Wildlife Trade Challenge Fund.

In partnership with Indonesia's Conservation Law Working Group (Pokja), the project will support the development of key implementing regulations to help guide government officials in applying the revised Law no. 32, which includes an important new provision whereby wildlife offenders can be ordered to pay compensation for causing environmental harm.

Conservation-Litigation.org is registered as a non-profit foundation and welcomes its inaugural Board of Directors.

Environmental law is central to biodiversity conservation, sustainable resource management and protecting human wellbeing. Operationalising legislation relies entirely on capable lawyers to forward cases, yet environmental law education is often absent or incomplete, and lawyers, prosecutors and judges are often ill-trained to meaningfully operationalise existing laws.

This project will empower law students, civil society and government lawyers in the Philippines to use existing laws to remedy environmental harm, developing a model that can be scaled globally and applied in different jurisdictions.

One of the key strategies of the Conservation Litigation network is to strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration across law, government, conservation and academia to support the concrete use and implementation of law to protect and defend biodiversity. This workshop brought experts from Indonesia together to discuss integrating remedies that can make a tangible contribution to correcting the harm caused into traditional enforcement actions against offenders of environmental crime.

Two cactus smugglers from Italy have been convicted for the illegal trade of over 1000 rare and protected cacti poached from the Atacama Desert in Chile. Concluding several years of investigation and proceedings, the Criminal Court of Ancona, Italy issued a first-instance decision against the two defendants. In a unique victory for nature, the case not only imposed criminal sanctions, but also ordered the defendants to remedy the harm they caused to L’Associazione per la Biodiversità e la sua Conservazione (ABC), a conservation group that joined the proceedings as a civil party.

A network of lawyers, scientists and NGOs met this week to discuss progress in developing a wave of new cases for nature in India, Indonesia, Cameroon, Uganda, Italy, Liberia and the Philippines. Hosted by the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) in partnership with Lancaster University and Illegal Wildlife Trade Challenge Fund, the five-day event (February 3-7) represents a unique opportunity for frontline nature defenders to share lessons, legal approaches and advice across jurisdictions.

One of the most biodiverse countries in the world, Uganda is globally recognised for its iconic wildlife and landscapes. However, like many other nations, it also suffers from widespread illegal wildlife trade, habitat destruction and pollution that threaten its biodiversity.

The team from Conservation-Litigation.org conducted an analysis of Uganda’s environmental liability legislation. It finds that, when the environment is harmed by any cause, there is a legal obligation to remedy it – and that the offenders responsible for the harm can be held accountable for taking actions such as habitat restoration.

People around the world value nature for diverse reasons - going far beyond the economic value we can derive from it, writes Conservation-Litigation co-founder Jacob Phelps. Amidst growing recognition of the importance of recognising diverse values for nature, we should also consider the role of courts.

To celebrate World Animal Day on October 4 this year, we caught up with Jenny Desmond, co-founder of Liberia Chimpanzee Rescue & Protection, about the role that wildlife rehabilitation centres play in wildlife crime cases, and how securing meaningful legal remedies for harm could not only improve the lives of rescued chimpanzees, but also protect the future of this incredible species.

As COP16 approaches, we are seeing growing understanding that combating emissions alone is not sufficient to prevent global ecosystem collapse and climate breakdown.

Our upcoming webinar on 15 October 2024 will explore:
- The risks of the climate-biodiversity disconnect in legal responses to environmental harm
- The opporunities to unify biodiversity and climate litigation strategies to protect nature.

Climate litigation globally has focused on pushing companies and public institutions to strengthen their efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions. However, like the broader climate change mitigation movement, climate litigation risks decoupling itself from the rest of nature – notably the biodiversity that underpins all ecosystems.
Instead of viewing these as separate strands of litigation, future cases should consider whether to integrate climate and biodiversity to better reflect the realities on the ground.

Conservation-Litigation.org network representatives Dr. Jacob Phelps and Difa Shafira participated in an important knowledge-sharing event held by the MoFAI, the Model Forest Act Initiative, drawing on their expertise and legal analyses to highlight lessons to be considered in the future Model Legislation.

Icel’s Marsya M Handayani presents "Conservation Litigation: Criminal and Civil Law Strategy for Wildlife Restoration" at the prestigious prosecutor workshop "Wildlife Trafficking and Money Laundering Workshop," organized by the United State Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Overseas Prosecutorial Development, Assistance and Training (OPDAT) held in Manado from June 24-27, 2024.

The revision of Indonesia’s Law no. 5 on the Conservation of Biological Resources and Ecosystems could have transformative effects for the country’s plants and wildlife.

On 29 May, Conservation-Litigation, the IUCN World Commission on Environmental Law's Biodiversity Law Specialist Group and the Task Force on Rights of Nature hosted a webinar to explore the Rights of Nature - what they mean, how they relate to existing legal avenues, and how they can be operationalised to remedy harm to nature.

The international panel of experts and practitioners featured Blair Atwebemberire, Gerthie Mayo-Anda, Yaffa Epstein, Philippe Cullet and Maribel Rodriguez.

The third World Wildlife Crime Report, the UNODC’s global analysis of illegal wildlife trade trends, assesses current knowledge about the causes and implications of related wildlife crimes.
For the first time, the analysis specifically highlights the scale and diversity of harms caused by illegal wildlife trade crimes – not only to nature, but to human wellbeing, the economy and government agencies.

Conservation-Litigation.org is pleased to submit our comments on the draft ASEAN draft Declaration on Environmental Rights, as part of the public consultation.  In our submission, we address key considerations about what types of rights have a right to remedy, and who can take legal action.

In 2021, Conservation-Litigation.org co-founders Maribel and Jacob read a curious article in the New York Times by Rachel Nuwer: A massive seizure of illegal cacti had been poached from Chile's Atacama Desert, and smuggled to Italy for sale to fanatical gardeners around the world. This is what happened next...

That story led us down a wild path, and to court in a picturesque Italian seaside town…

The latest developments in the case of a momentous seizure of over 1,000 rare and protected Chilean cacti from a greenhouse in Senigallia, Italy.

Tomorrow, the Court of Ancona will hear the unusual case against two individuals who allegedly poached and smuggled some of the world’s most threatened cacti from Chile’s Atacama Desert. The plants were destined for sale to private ornamental collections around the world.